Inductive Effect
The Inductive Effect of a group of atoms is the change in the electron density at a nearby atom caused by differences in electron negativity
The increasing or decreasing a charge in one part of molecule with corresponding increasing or decreasing of a charge in another part of molecule due to difference of electron negativity
Let me tell you the simple example CH3-CH2-Cl Cl is more electron negative than carbon atom its make chloro ethane ( CH3-CH2-Cl ) Polar how ? The Electron Density of Alpha Carbon atom is decreasing because of chlorine it producing the partial positive charge on it ,we all know the electron negativity of Chlorine is more than carbon . chlorine attract the pair of carbon electron towards itself it make a partial positive charge on the carbon no.1 mean Alpha carbon .Alpha carbon (carbon attach with chlorine ) will attract the bonding electron pair between it and also beta carbon(carbon attach to the alpha carbon) more to itself and also creates a partial positive charge on this carbon but the intensity of the charge ( partial positive charge) will be same because the effect of hlorine atom has been transmitted through alpha carbon to beta carbon ,so there will be a charge produced between two unlike atom this is called charge separation in an adjacent bond (nearby bond ) and even further along a chain .this permanent Dipole induced by another is called INDUCTIVE EFFECT
CONFUSED ??
Let me tell you one more example :)
Chloro-acetic acid(ClCH2COOH) is 100 times more acidic than acetic acid (CH3COOH) ? Simple ,Chlorine is electron negative it pull the electron towards itself and disperse the electron density from the oxygen of COO.the anion therefore a weaker base than CH3COO.. and thus chloro-acetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid
If you still have a problem you can ask me via email I will make your concept stronger
Publish by Adil khan (mak)
Definition
The Inductive Effect of a group of atoms is the change in the electron density at a nearby atom caused by differences in electron negativity
The increasing or decreasing a charge in one part of molecule with corresponding increasing or decreasing of a charge in another part of molecule due to difference of electron negativity
Let me tell you the simple example CH3-CH2-Cl Cl is more electron negative than carbon atom its make chloro ethane ( CH3-CH2-Cl ) Polar how ? The Electron Density of Alpha Carbon atom is decreasing because of chlorine it producing the partial positive charge on it ,we all know the electron negativity of Chlorine is more than carbon . chlorine attract the pair of carbon electron towards itself it make a partial positive charge on the carbon no.1 mean Alpha carbon .Alpha carbon (carbon attach with chlorine ) will attract the bonding electron pair between it and also beta carbon(carbon attach to the alpha carbon) more to itself and also creates a partial positive charge on this carbon but the intensity of the charge ( partial positive charge) will be same because the effect of hlorine atom has been transmitted through alpha carbon to beta carbon ,so there will be a charge produced between two unlike atom this is called charge separation in an adjacent bond (nearby bond ) and even further along a chain .this permanent Dipole induced by another is called INDUCTIVE EFFECT
CONFUSED ??
Let me tell you one more example :)
Chloro-acetic acid(ClCH2COOH) is 100 times more acidic than acetic acid (CH3COOH) ? Simple ,Chlorine is electron negative it pull the electron towards itself and disperse the electron density from the oxygen of COO.the anion therefore a weaker base than CH3COO.. and thus chloro-acetic acid is a stronger acid than acetic acid
If you still have a problem you can ask me via email I will make your concept stronger
Publish by Adil khan (mak)
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