Lahore History in urdu || Lahore History In Urdu || History Of Lahore In Urdu ||Lahore History Urdu || Lahore History In English
Lahore History In English
Introduction
Lahore has 6.5 million inhabitants and thus the second biggest city in Pakistan. It is considered to be the 38th biggest city of the world. When the Indian subcontinent received independence in 1947, Lahore became the capital of West Punjab province, later known as Punjab province. In 1955 it was made the capital of the newly created West Pakistan province, which was reconstituted as Punjab province in 1970. Punjabi is the language of the province, and is the most widely spoken language in Lahore. Punjabi spoken by the people of Lahore is known as Lahori Punjabi due to a mixture of Punjabi and colloquial Urdu spoken in Lahore. Lahore has 9 Towns and ?? Union Councils.
Geography, Climate & Demographics
Lahore city is bounded on the north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by India and on the south Kasur District. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. Lahore city covers a total land area of 1,772 km² (684 sq. mile), but the city is still growing at a considerable rate. The city lies between 31°15′ and 31°45′ North latitude and 74°01′ and 74°39′ East longitude. Its elevation is 217 m (712 ft).
The climate of Lahore faces many extremes during the months of May, June, and July. During these months temperatures soar to 45–50 degrees Celsius which is the hottest time of the year. Following the end of July and beginning of August the monsoon seasons starts with heavy rainfall throughout the city as well as the province.
The minimum temperature varies between 39 and 26 degrees Celsius respectively, while December, January and February are the coldest months when temperature can drop to −1 degree Celsius and dropped to its lowest ever in January 2006 at −2. The city is situated on the flat alluvial plain at an average altitude of 706 feet above sea level. It lies in the upper Indus plain on the Ravi River, a tributary of the Indus.
According to the 1998 census 86.2%, or 6,896,000 of the population are Punjabis, 10.2% or 816,000 are Muhajirs. There are known to be more than a million Pashtun refugees in Lahore (the vast majority of whom are settling), probably about 15% of the population. Finally, the Seraikis at 0.4% number about 32,000. Many languages are spoken in Lahore, including Punjabi, Urdu and English.
History
Little is known of the history of the settlement prior to the Muslim period. Hindu legend attributes the founding of Lahore to Lava, or Loh, son of Rama (the hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana), after whom it is said to have been named Lohawar. It was the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty from 1152 to 1186. The city became Muslim when Qutub-ud-din Aibak was crowned in 1206 and thus became the first Muslim Sultan of the subcontinent. During the 14th century the city was repeatedly attacked by the Mongols, and from 1524 to 1752 Lahore was part of the Mughal Empire. During Akbar's (Jellaladin Muhammad Akbár the Great 1542-1605) rule, Lahore was the capital of the empire from 1584 to 1598. Lahore's golden age began under the Mughals, and the city occasionally became the place of royal residence. During this time a massive fort, the Lahore Fort, which display magnificent examples of Kashi, or encaustic tile work was built on the fundaments of an older fort in the 1560s. This fort was later extended by Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The last of the great Mughals, Aurangzeb from 1658 until 1707, built the city's most famous monuments, the Badshahi Masjid Literally the 'Royal Mosque' and the Alamgiri Gate to the Lahore Fort. From the death of Aurangzeb to the accession of Ranjit Singh, Lahore was subjected to Sikh insurrections. With the invasion of Nader Shah, Lahore became an outpost 2of his empire, but its history thereafter was associated with the rise of the Sikhs. Under the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1799-1839) it became the seat of a powerful government but declined again under his successors. The city passed under British rule in 1849.
Some of the old names of Lahore can be observed as:
Laha-noor
Loh-pur
Mahmood-pur
Samandpal Nagiri
Lohar-pur
Culture & Festivity
Lahore is a very festive city, the people of Lahore celebrate many traditions throughout the year, with blending of moghal, western and latest trends. As Lahore has large muslim population, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are celebrated in full swing with various concerts held in the city. Many people decorate their houses and light candles to light up the streets and houses.
Basant is a Punjab festival that marks the coming of spring. Basant celebrations in Pakistan are centered in Lahore and people from all over the country and abroad come to the city for the annual festivities. Kite flying competitions take place all over the city's rooftops during Basant. Currently the kite flying has been drawn under restriction by court due to a number of casualties caused every year by the strings used to fly kites. Now it is considered an illegal phenomenon, sadly a complete ban on kite flying has been put in place to prevent any more injuries. During 2006 the local Government of Punjab banned kite flying until further notice.
The Festival of Lamps or Mela Chiraghan is a very important and popular event in Lahore. This is celebrated at the same time as Basant, every spring on the last Friday of March outside the Shalimar Gardens. During the festival, people from all walks of life gather from all over the province to actively participate in the Festival. National Horse and Cattle Show is one of the most famous annual festivals, the National Horse and Cattle Show is also held in Spring in the Fortress Stadium. During the week long activities, there is a display of the finest livestock, horse and camel dances, tent pegging, colourful folk dances from all regions of Pakistan, mass-band displays and tattoo shows in the evenings.
On August 14, every year all over Pakistan, the people of Pakistan celebrate the day Pakistan gained its independence from the British Raj for an independent state for muslims. There are lots of celebrations in Lahore, the streets are full of joyful people singing and dancing. Concerts are held with many pop and classical singers.
City Landmarks
The old city was at one time surrounded by a wall and a moat, but these structures have been replaced, except in the North, by a garden. A circular road around the rampart provides access to the old city by 13 gates. Within the old city are found the mosque of Wazir Khan (1634) and the northern wall of Lahore Fort. Other old-city landmarks include the impressive Badshahi (Imperial) Mosque, built by Aurangzeb; Ranjit Singh's buildings and mausoleum; the Shahdara Gardens, containing the tomb of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and his wife Noor Jehan; and the magnificent Shalimar Gardens, laid out east of the city in 1641 by Shah Jahan and consisting of about 80 acres (32 hectares) of terraced gardens containing numerous fountains.
Transport
The Allama Iqbal International Airport Lahore is one of the most accessible cities of Pakistan. In addition to the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road), a motorway was completed in 2000, from Lahore to Islamabad. Due to Lahore ever increasing traffic problems the Government introduced many underpasses to ease congestions and prevent traffic jams. According to official figures, Lahore has the highest number of underpasses in Pakistan, due to an attempt by the government to link one end of the city to the other end. however, Lahore still has very high levels of air pollution and smog, which can accumulate over days due to Lahore having little precipitation throughout the year. this is also due to the industry growing at a a dizzying rate in Lahore, with lots of factories opening all the time.
The Pakistan Railways Headquarters is located in Lahore, the only railway operator in Pakistan fully owned by the Government. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation for commuters in Lahore. The railway connects the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer to Lahore for business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight in and out of Lahore. The Lahore Central Railway Station is also located in the heart of the city, which was built during the British Colonial era.
As air travel has been on the rise, the Government built a completely new airport for the city that was constructed in 2003. It was named Allama Iqbal International Airport after the national poet of Pakistan Mohammed Iqbal. It facilitates for the increasing demand by passengers and the growth of the city for which it was built to accommodate. It is served by many international airlines as well as the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines. With the opening of Allama Iqbal International Airport, the previous airport now operates as the Hajj Terminal to facilitate the great influx of pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia to perform the hajj every year. The Hajj services are operated by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), however recent news suggests that the Government is going to allow all airlines operating to Pakistan to airlift pilgrims.
Miscellaneous
Lahore consists of an old city area flanked on the south by newer commercial, industrial, and residential areas that are in turn ringed by suburbs. An important educational centre, Lahore is the seat of the University of the Punjab (1882), which is the oldest university in Pakistan. Also located in Lahore are the Faisal Shaheed University of Engineering and Technology and numerous colleges and institutes. Lahore is a leading commercial and banking centre and it also contains about one-fifth of Pakistan's industrial establishments. Textiles are the single most important industry, but there are many rubber factories, as well as iron, steel, and other mills. It is also noted for gold and silver handicrafts. Railways and air services link Lahore with other major cities of Pakistan
Lahore
Lahore is second big and historical City of Pakistan. Lahore is situated on the bank of Ravi. The population size is 90 Lacs. The origins of Lahore’s name is rooted in Hindu mythology. Lahore is named after Lahawar and Loharo, who was the son of Ramayana, who features as a hero in Hindu mythology. It has been ruled by the Mughals, Sikhs and British before gaining Independence. Lahore is known as “ The Heart of Pakistan ”. In this page, you will read Lahore History In Urdu.
Lahore History In Urdu
Pakistan ka dosra barha aur qadeem tareekhi shehar. Darye Ravi ke mashraqi kinare par aabad. Is ki maujooda abaadi 90 lakh nafoos par mushtamil hai. Lahore ki ibtedaai tareekh Hindoun ki mukhtalif riwayaat aur dastanon par mushtamil hai. Ek riwayat ke mutabiq is ki bunyad ( Ramayana ) ki rizmia nazmon ke mashoor hero Ram Chandar ke do larkon mein se aik ke naam ( Loh se ) par Lahore parha. Kashmir aur Rajputana ki qadeem tareekhi kitabon mein yeh Hindoun ki riyasat hai. Aik aur riwayat ke mutabiq ise maghrabi hindustan se aane wale Rajput shehzadon ne aabad kiya. Mehmood Ghaznavi ke Lahore fatah karne se qabal ye badastoor Hindoun ke qabzey mein tha. Mashoor Cheeni Sayyah Heaven Sang jis ne 630 mein Punjab ki siyahat ki ne bhi apne safarnamey mein kahin Lahore ka zikar nahi kiya. Musalman maurkheen mein al-idreesi ne nawi sadi easwi mein likhi gai apni kitab Hittul Mushtaq fi Iftekhadul Mushtaq mein ise ( Lahawar ) aur Abu Rehan al-Beruni ne apni kitab qanoon mein ise ( Loharo ) likha hai.
Mehmood Ghanavi ke bad Lahore 1288 se 1450 tak Ghauriyon, Khaljiyon, Taghlaqon, Syedon aur Lodhiyon ke qabze mein raha. 1526 mein Mughal Badsha Zaheer Uddin Babar ne Lahore par qabza kar liya.
Lahore ne us waqt Muslim League ke plate form ki hesiyat ikhteyar kar li, jab 23 March 1940 mein yahan Qarardad e Pakistan manzoor ki gai.
1947 mein Qiyam e Pakistan par ise Pakistan mein shamil kar liya gaya, us waqt se le kar ab tak ise Pakistan ke saqafti markaz ki hesiyat hasil hai. Qiyam e Pakistan ke bad ye Punjab aur phir Maghrabi Pakistan ka sadar maqam raha. 1954 mein Pak Bharat jang mein Lahore ke shehriyon ne dushman ke muqable mein bahaduri ke jo johar dikhae the, hukoomat-e-Pakistan ne inhe Hilal-e-Istaqlaal ke aezaaz se nawaza. Yeh ek aesa aezaaz hai jo kabhi sarangon nahi hota.
Yeh shehar Madina tul Auliya ki hesiyat rakhta hai. Yahan aalmi shohrat yafta sufi buzurgon ke mazaraat bhi hain, jin mein Hazrat syedena Ali Johri Rehmatullah Alleh, Hazrat Miyan Meer, Hazrat Peer Makki Sahab, Hazrat Madho Laal Hussain aur Hazrat Shah Muhammed Ghaus ke mazaraat khusoosi taur par qabil e zikar hain. Darbar Hazrat Data Ganjsh Bakhsh se mulhiq ek barhi Masjid bhi qaiym hai.
Lahore ko Pakistan ka dil bhi kehte hain aur ghaliban is ki wajah ye bhi hai ke har ilaqe ke logon ne ise apna miskan bana liya hai.
Yahan mutaadid qabil-e-deed maqamaat bhi hain jin mein se chand aeham yeh hain.
Lahore Mosque (Lahore Ki Masjid ):
1. Badshahi Masjid: Badshahi Masjid ka shumar duniya ki azeem tareekhi Masajid mein hota hai. Ise 1670 mein Mughal Badshah Aurangzeb Aalamgir ne tameer karwaya. Masjid sang surkh aur sang safed se bani hui hai.
2. Sunehri Masjid :
Sunehri Masjid bahat khobsurat Masjid hai aur rang Mehal ke chawk se zara aage hai. Ise Muhammed Shah ke aehad mein 1753 mein tameer kiya gaya.
3. Masjid Shuhada :
Yeh Masjid 1965 ki Pak Bharat jang mein shaheed hone wale mujahidin ki yaad mein tameer ki gai hai. Yeh tamam ki tamam sabz sang-e-mar mar ki bani hui shahrae Quaid-e-Azam par Regal Chowk ke bilkul qareeb hai.
4. Wazir Khan Masjid :
Yeh purani shehar ki hudood ke andar Kashmiri bazar mein waqeya hai. Is ki tarz-e-tameer mein mashraqi fun tameer ki ek jhalak numaya dikhai deti hai. Ise 1634 mein Shah Jahan ke wazeer Ilm uddin ke hukum se tameer kiya gaya. Is mein jo Tiles lagi hui hain us par Arab tarz ki tasaveer banai gai hain.
Shahi Qila:
Yeh badshahi Masjid ke bilmaqabil waqeya hai, is ki tameer ka kaam kae marhalon mein mukammal kiya gaya. Qiley mein Moti Masjid aur Sheesh Mehal bhi hai.
Deewan-e-aam, Deewan-e-Khas, Nau lakha Maiydan aur Shahi Hamam deegar qabil-e-zikar maqamaat hain.
Shalamar Bagh:
Yeh Baghaat 1640 mein Mughal Badshah Shah Jahan ke aehad mein lagae gae the. Ye Mughliya aehad ki azeem yadgaron mein se aik hai. Is maqam ko yeh aezaaz hasil hai ke yahan gher mulki mehmanon ke aezaaz mein istaqbaliya bhi diya jata hai. Yeh 42 aekarh raqbey par muheet hai. Mela Chiragan har saal March mein yehi munaqid kiya jata hai.
Lahore ke aeham baghaat mein Bagh-e-Jinnah, Race course Park, Jillo National Park, Nasir Park, Ravi Park, Hazoori Bagh, Gulshan Iqbal intehai aeham hai.
Minar e Pakistan:
Minar e Pakistan bilkul usi maqam par tameer kiya gaya hai. Jahan March 1940 mein Qarar dad Pakistan manzoor hui thi. Ye 206 ft buland hai aur is mein mukhtalif rang ke pathar lagaye gaye hain. Is mein jo baghaat lagwae gaye hain, wo mughliya tarz-e-tameer ki akasi karte hain. Yehi Shahnama-e-Islam ke khaliq aur Tarana e Pakistan ke Musannif Abu Al Asar Hafeez Jalandhari ka mazar hai. Awami tafreeh ke liye aik jheel bhi banai gai hai.
Library Lahore:
Lahore ki Punjab Public Library ka shumar Pakistan ki barhi Librariyon mein hota hai. Ye 1884 mein qaiym ki gai hai. Is mein 3.5 lakh kitabein maujood hain.
Quaid-e-Azam Library ye Maal Road par Governer
House ke bilkul qareeb waqeya hai aur Lahore ki sab se barhi ye Library 1987 mein qaiym ki gai thi.
Filmi Sanat:
Yeh shehar Pakistan ki filmi sanat ka markaz hai, yahan mutadid barhe studio hain. Taqreeban 10 theatre hain jo awaam ko tafreeh muhayya karne mein aeham kirdar ada kar rahe hain.Lahore History In English
Introduction
Lahore has 6.5 million inhabitants and thus the second biggest city in Pakistan. It is considered to be the 38th biggest city of the world. When the Indian subcontinent received independence in 1947, Lahore became the capital of West Punjab province, later known as Punjab province. In 1955 it was made the capital of the newly created West Pakistan province, which was reconstituted as Punjab province in 1970. Punjabi is the language of the province, and is the most widely spoken language in Lahore. Punjabi spoken by the people of Lahore is known as Lahori Punjabi due to a mixture of Punjabi and colloquial Urdu spoken in Lahore. Lahore has 9 Towns and ?? Union Councils.
Geography, Climate & Demographics
Lahore city is bounded on the north and west by the Sheikhupura District, on the east by India and on the south Kasur District. The Ravi River flows on the northern side of Lahore. Lahore city covers a total land area of 1,772 km² (684 sq. mile), but the city is still growing at a considerable rate. The city lies between 31°15′ and 31°45′ North latitude and 74°01′ and 74°39′ East longitude. Its elevation is 217 m (712 ft).
The climate of Lahore faces many extremes during the months of May, June, and July. During these months temperatures soar to 45–50 degrees Celsius which is the hottest time of the year. Following the end of July and beginning of August the monsoon seasons starts with heavy rainfall throughout the city as well as the province.
The minimum temperature varies between 39 and 26 degrees Celsius respectively, while December, January and February are the coldest months when temperature can drop to −1 degree Celsius and dropped to its lowest ever in January 2006 at −2. The city is situated on the flat alluvial plain at an average altitude of 706 feet above sea level. It lies in the upper Indus plain on the Ravi River, a tributary of the Indus.
According to the 1998 census 86.2%, or 6,896,000 of the population are Punjabis, 10.2% or 816,000 are Muhajirs. There are known to be more than a million Pashtun refugees in Lahore (the vast majority of whom are settling), probably about 15% of the population. Finally, the Seraikis at 0.4% number about 32,000. Many languages are spoken in Lahore, including Punjabi, Urdu and English.
History
Little is known of the history of the settlement prior to the Muslim period. Hindu legend attributes the founding of Lahore to Lava, or Loh, son of Rama (the hero of the Hindu epic Ramayana), after whom it is said to have been named Lohawar. It was the capital of the Ghaznavid dynasty from 1152 to 1186. The city became Muslim when Qutub-ud-din Aibak was crowned in 1206 and thus became the first Muslim Sultan of the subcontinent. During the 14th century the city was repeatedly attacked by the Mongols, and from 1524 to 1752 Lahore was part of the Mughal Empire. During Akbar's (Jellaladin Muhammad Akbár the Great 1542-1605) rule, Lahore was the capital of the empire from 1584 to 1598. Lahore's golden age began under the Mughals, and the city occasionally became the place of royal residence. During this time a massive fort, the Lahore Fort, which display magnificent examples of Kashi, or encaustic tile work was built on the fundaments of an older fort in the 1560s. This fort was later extended by Jahangir and Shah Jahan. The last of the great Mughals, Aurangzeb from 1658 until 1707, built the city's most famous monuments, the Badshahi Masjid Literally the 'Royal Mosque' and the Alamgiri Gate to the Lahore Fort. From the death of Aurangzeb to the accession of Ranjit Singh, Lahore was subjected to Sikh insurrections. With the invasion of Nader Shah, Lahore became an outpost 2of his empire, but its history thereafter was associated with the rise of the Sikhs. Under the Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1799-1839) it became the seat of a powerful government but declined again under his successors. The city passed under British rule in 1849.
Some of the old names of Lahore can be observed as:
Laha-noor
Loh-pur
Mahmood-pur
Samandpal Nagiri
Lohar-pur
Culture & Festivity
Lahore is a very festive city, the people of Lahore celebrate many traditions throughout the year, with blending of moghal, western and latest trends. As Lahore has large muslim population, Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha are celebrated in full swing with various concerts held in the city. Many people decorate their houses and light candles to light up the streets and houses.
Basant is a Punjab festival that marks the coming of spring. Basant celebrations in Pakistan are centered in Lahore and people from all over the country and abroad come to the city for the annual festivities. Kite flying competitions take place all over the city's rooftops during Basant. Currently the kite flying has been drawn under restriction by court due to a number of casualties caused every year by the strings used to fly kites. Now it is considered an illegal phenomenon, sadly a complete ban on kite flying has been put in place to prevent any more injuries. During 2006 the local Government of Punjab banned kite flying until further notice.
The Festival of Lamps or Mela Chiraghan is a very important and popular event in Lahore. This is celebrated at the same time as Basant, every spring on the last Friday of March outside the Shalimar Gardens. During the festival, people from all walks of life gather from all over the province to actively participate in the Festival. National Horse and Cattle Show is one of the most famous annual festivals, the National Horse and Cattle Show is also held in Spring in the Fortress Stadium. During the week long activities, there is a display of the finest livestock, horse and camel dances, tent pegging, colourful folk dances from all regions of Pakistan, mass-band displays and tattoo shows in the evenings.
On August 14, every year all over Pakistan, the people of Pakistan celebrate the day Pakistan gained its independence from the British Raj for an independent state for muslims. There are lots of celebrations in Lahore, the streets are full of joyful people singing and dancing. Concerts are held with many pop and classical singers.
City Landmarks
The old city was at one time surrounded by a wall and a moat, but these structures have been replaced, except in the North, by a garden. A circular road around the rampart provides access to the old city by 13 gates. Within the old city are found the mosque of Wazir Khan (1634) and the northern wall of Lahore Fort. Other old-city landmarks include the impressive Badshahi (Imperial) Mosque, built by Aurangzeb; Ranjit Singh's buildings and mausoleum; the Shahdara Gardens, containing the tomb of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and his wife Noor Jehan; and the magnificent Shalimar Gardens, laid out east of the city in 1641 by Shah Jahan and consisting of about 80 acres (32 hectares) of terraced gardens containing numerous fountains.
Transport
The Allama Iqbal International Airport Lahore is one of the most accessible cities of Pakistan. In addition to the historic Grand Trunk Road (G.T. Road), a motorway was completed in 2000, from Lahore to Islamabad. Due to Lahore ever increasing traffic problems the Government introduced many underpasses to ease congestions and prevent traffic jams. According to official figures, Lahore has the highest number of underpasses in Pakistan, due to an attempt by the government to link one end of the city to the other end. however, Lahore still has very high levels of air pollution and smog, which can accumulate over days due to Lahore having little precipitation throughout the year. this is also due to the industry growing at a a dizzying rate in Lahore, with lots of factories opening all the time.
The Pakistan Railways Headquarters is located in Lahore, the only railway operator in Pakistan fully owned by the Government. Pakistan Railways provides an important mode of transportation for commuters in Lahore. The railway connects the farthest corners of the country and brings them closer to Lahore for business, sight seeing, pilgrimage and education. It has been a great integrating force and forms the life line of the country by catering to its needs for large scale movement of people and freight in and out of Lahore. The Lahore Central Railway Station is also located in the heart of the city, which was built during the British Colonial era.
As air travel has been on the rise, the Government built a completely new airport for the city that was constructed in 2003. It was named Allama Iqbal International Airport after the national poet of Pakistan Mohammed Iqbal. It facilitates for the increasing demand by passengers and the growth of the city for which it was built to accommodate. It is served by many international airlines as well as the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines. With the opening of Allama Iqbal International Airport, the previous airport now operates as the Hajj Terminal to facilitate the great influx of pilgrims traveling to Saudi Arabia to perform the hajj every year. The Hajj services are operated by the national flag carrier, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), however recent news suggests that the Government is going to allow all airlines operating to Pakistan to airlift pilgrims.
Miscellaneous
Lahore consists of an old city area flanked on the south by newer commercial, industrial, and residential areas that are in turn ringed by suburbs. An important educational centre, Lahore is the seat of the University of the Punjab (1882), which is the oldest university in Pakistan. Also located in Lahore are the Faisal Shaheed University of Engineering and Technology and numerous colleges and institutes. Lahore is a leading commercial and banking centre and it also contains about one-fifth of Pakistan's industrial establishments. Textiles are the single most important industry, but there are many rubber factories, as well as iron, steel, and other mills. It is also noted for gold and silver handicrafts. Railways and air services link Lahore with other major cities of Pakistan
wonderful place i love this it have a lots of park and beautiful place but i dont Lahore Weather on summer ... its so hot...
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